UCC researchers in Cork develop real time ammonia detector

Researchers at University College Cork (UCC) have developed a new sensor that significantly advances the detection of ammonia pollution in real-time.

The sensor comes as a result of the UCC-led and EU-funded RADICAL project, with the findings published in the ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces journal.

The new technology looks at transforming environmental monitoring, removing the cost barriers to farmers and supporting the enhancement of sustainable farming practices.

Efficient detection of ammonia (NH) is essential for reducing air and water pollution, safeguarding human health, promoting sustainable agriculture, and shaping climate and environmental policies.

Current technologies for NH measurement include spectroscopic techniques and sensors that are expensive, bulky, and impractical for widespread or field applications.

SENSOR

The nanowire sensor, developed by researchers at UCC, is sensitive and precise, consumes minimal power, and operates at room temperature, allowing for real-time air quality monitoring.

The sensor design is compatible with existing technology, and can quickly and reliably detect ammonia, even in small amounts, and provide a portable solution for use in diverse environments.

Ammonia pollution primarily originates from agricultural activities and poses significant environmental and health risks. In Ireland, where agriculture plays a major role, ammonia emissions are a critical concern.

ATMOSPHERE

Once in the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with acidic gases to form particulate matter (PM2.5), which is harmful to human health and can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Direct exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs.

Environmentally, excess ammonia causes water pollution, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication, which harm aquatic life. It also impacts air quality and climate.

Dr Vaishali Vardhan, lead author of the paper, said that “this new sensor is a powerful tool for both air quality monitoring and research”.

“It is low in cost, small, and suitable for large-scale deployment,” said Dr Vardhan.

“What distinguishes our technology is the use of bare silicon nanowires, avoiding complex hybridisation techniques, which makes the sensor more affordable and scalable. The integration of UV light further boosts its sensitivity, enabling efficient detection of ammonia at low concentrations.”

Professor Justin Holmes, RADICAL project coordinator, said that “this pioneering technology is set to revolutionise environmental monitoring in the agricultural sector”.

“It will allow farmers to make more informed decisions, benefiting both their businesses and the environment as a whole,” said Mr Holmes.